Health Professions Reference Style Guidelines

Figures & Tables:

See Artwork, Illustrations, & Tables for further information. See Permissions for permission information.

	Cite figures and tables in the chapter in correct numerical sequence. Figures and tables are assigned a number that is the chapter number plus the number of the figure or table within the chapter (e.g., Fig. 1-2 or Table 1-2).
	All figures and tables must be cited.
	Spell out the word "Figure" when it is used as part of the sentence. When used in parentheses, it is abbreviated, i.e. (Fig.).

References:

	All references must be cited in text. If published works are not specifically cited in the text, they must be incorporated in a suggested readings list or Bibliography. Suggested readings are listed in alphabetical order.
	Cite references in correct numerical sequence in the chapter by a superscript number placed after the sentence's punctuation (e.g., The previously cited treatment regimen is effective in patients who are older than 65 years of age.1, 4, 10, 12-14, 24).
	References to unpublished material, personal communications (including e-mail), and manuscripts in preparation should be enclosed in parentheses in the text and not cited in the reference or suggested readings lists.
	All references and suggested readings must be as complete as possible. See the following "Reference Style" for required information.

Reference Style:

Journals
You CH, Lee KY, Chey RY. Electrogastrographic study of patients with unexplained nausea, bloating, and vomiting. Gastroenterology 1980;79:311-314. Anonymous. Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas (Editorial). BMJ 1981;283:628.

Books
Kaplan NM. Clinical Hypertension, 4th Ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1986:23. Hudson WR, Gussack CS. Otolaryngology: Head and neck surgery. In: Davis JE, ed. Major Ambulatory Surgery, 2nd Ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1986.

Electronic Product


	CD-ROMs The Oxford English Dictionary (book on CD-ROM), 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
	Online Journal Harrison CL, Schmidt PQ, Jones JD. Aspirin compared with acetaminophen for relief of headache. Online J Curr Clin Trial (serial online). January 2, 1992;doc 1.
	World Wide Web Rosenthal S, Chen R, Hadler S. The safety of acellular pertussis vaccine vs whole-cell pertussis vaccine (Abstract). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med (serial online). 1996;150:457-460. Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/ajdc/vol_150/no_5/abstract/html. Accessed November 10, 1996.
	E-mail E-mail messages are a form of personal communication and should be listed parenthetically in the text. References to e-mail messages should include 1) the name of the person who sent the message, 2) the sender's e-mail address, and 3) the date the message was sent. For example, visual information comes from the environmental stimuli (Jones JM, Jackson SJ (jmjones@amu.edu), e-mail, April 9, 1998).

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Nursing Reference Style Guidelines

Figures & Tables:

See Artwork, Illustrations, & Tables for further information. See Permissions for permission information.

	Cite figures and tables in the chapter in correct numerical sequence. Figures and tables are assigned a number that is the chapter number plus the number of the figure or table within the chapter (e.g., Fig. 1-2 or Table 1-2).
	All figures and tables must be cited.
	Spell out the word "Figure" when it is used as part of the sentence. When used in parentheses, it is abbreviated, i.e. (Fig.).

References:

	All references must be cited in text. If published works are not specifically cited in the text, they must be incorporated in a suggested readings list.
	References and suggested readings are listed in alphabetical order by author name.
	Sources appearing in figure and table credit lines must also appear in the reference list.
	References must be cited parenthetically within the chapter by author and year. One author: (Smith, 1999). Two authors: (Smith and Goldstein, 1999). Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 1999). Group author: (American Nurses Association {ANA}, 1999), thereafter in chapter: (ANA, 1999).
	References to unpublished material, personal communications (including e-mail), and manuscripts in preparation should be enclosed in parentheses in the text and not cited in the reference list or suggested readings list.
	All references and suggested readings must be as complete as possible. See the following Reference Style for required information.

Reference Style:

Journals
Kneip, R. C., Delmater, A. M., Ismond, T., Milford C., Salvia, L., & Schwartz, D. (1998). Self- and spouse ratings of anger and hostility as predictors of coronary heart disease. Health Psychology, 12, 301---307. (or 301307 format may be used for all page ranges)

American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (1999). Technical assistance bulletin: Guidelines. Journal of Pharmacology, 47(9), 5---16.

Books
Cone, J. D., & Foster, S. L. (1999). Dissertations and theses from start to finish: Psychology and related fields. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Massaro, D. (1997). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick, Jr., P. van den Broek, & D. C. Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues (4th ed., pp. 51---84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Electronic Product


	CD-ROMs Meyer, A. S., & Bock, K. (1998). The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: Blocking or partial activation? (CD-ROM). Memory & Cognition, 20, 715--726. Abstract from: SilverPlatter File: PsycLIT Item: 80-16351
	Online Journal Harrison, C. L., Schmidt, P. Q., & Jones, J. D. (1999, January 4). Aspirin compared with acetaminophen for relief of headache (9 paragraphs). Current Clinical Trials (On-line serial), 5(17). Available: Doc. No. 92
	World Wide Web Rosenthal, S., Chen, R., & Hadler, S. (1997). The safety of acellular pertussis vaccine vs whole-cell pertussis vaccine. (On-line). Available: http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/ajdc/vol_150/no_5/abstract/html.

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Medical/Clinical Permission Guidelines

Figure and Table Citations:

Order: Cite figures within the text in numerical order.

Numbering: Please number figures and tables consecutively within the text. All figures and tables should be double-numbered with a period unless otherwise specified, i.e., figure 1 in chapter 3 would be (Fig. 3.1). Be sure that numbering on images or tables corresponds exactly to the numbering cited within the text. (For more information, see "Numbering" in the Illustration Guidelines section of this booklet.)

	Table setups: Please use your software's table templates to key in your tables, rather than creating them from scratch. Position tables at the end of each chapter.
	Legends: Each figure should have an accompanying legend (or caption) describing the figure. Tables do not require a legend but often require a title. Legends should appear as a typed sheet(s) at the end of the manuscript. Please do not tape or otherwise affix figures with attached legends to sheets of paper.

References:

	Order: References are generally listed in order of citation, numbered consecutively. Suggested Readings or Bibliographies may be listed alphabetically.
	Numbering: Identify the references in the text by number within parentheses. Make sure that all references cited are included in the reference list and that all references listed are cited in the text.
	Unpublished material: Use of unpublished material and personal communications is discouraged. If you must use them, they should be cited only in the text; do not include them in the reference list. For articles accepted but not yet published, follow the standard format, noting "(in press)" in place of page numbers.
	Multi-authored material: After listing the first three authors of an article or book chapter, use "et al" rather than listing all authors.

Sample References:

	Authored book: 1. Janda J. The Enterobacteria. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
	Edited book: 2. Avery GB, Fletcher MA, MacDonald MG, eds. Neonatology 4th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Publishers, 1994.
	Journal article: 3. Vingerhoets FJ, Schulzer M, Calne DB, et a]. Which clinical sign of Parkinson's disease best reflects the nigrostriatal lesion? Annals of Neurology 1997;41:58-64.
	Book: 4. Hudson WR, Gussack CS. Otolaryngology: Head and neck surgery. In: Davis JE, ed. Major Ambulatory Surgery, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1986; 115-133.

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