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Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (Barash Textbook Chapter)
Part I/Physicians Version

To order this product,
please call 1-267-757-3536


Release Date

October 2006.

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Accreditation

Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc. is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

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Credit Designation

Lippincott CME Institute designates this educational activity for a maximum of 2 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

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Commercial Support

This CME activity is supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Organon USA Inc.

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Target Audience

This CME activity is intended for anesthesiologists and physicians with an interest in the knowledge and use of neuromuscular blocking agents in anesthesia practice.

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Statement of Needs

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) can be associated with severe patient harm and death, and carry the highest risk of causing injury and misuse. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Medication Errors Reporting Program has received well over 50 reports concerning misuse of these agents over the past several years, and estimates that the true incidence of injuries may likely be much higher than that reported.1 The USP’s review and analysis showed a continuing risk of patient harm or death due to errors with NMBAs. The American Society of Anesthesiologists recently summarized an alert from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), noting that an inadequate knowledge of
the actions of NMBAs contributes to errors.2 The summary stated that NMBAs have been inadvertently administered to patients who were not receiving proper ventilator assistance. Death and serious permanent injuries have resulted from giving an NMBA after the patient is extubated or before the patient is intubated. Since each of the various neuromuscular blocking agents have differing adverse events (with respect to the incidence of anaphylaxis, hypotension, bronchospasm, and allergic reactions), familiarity with the profiles of individual agents is necessary to avoid serious adverse events. Drug-drug interactions can also be a problem, and physicians need to be aware of the potential agents that can react with NMBAs.

The interdisciplinary USP Safe Medication Use Expert Committee summarized its recommendations for handling NMBAs safely and effectively3, citing the need for “focused education” and practitioner credentialing for the safe use of NMBAs. The article noted that “increased awareness and action on the part of . . . all practitioners involved in the entire medication use process are needed to improve the safety of this class of medications.” The authors recommended that these professionals “be trained to recognize NMBAs and to know their mechanisms of action and associated risks.”

The format and design of “Neuromuscular Blocking Agents” as a print-based, distance-learning activity has previously proven to be a credible and well-liked vehicle for the continuing medical education of physicians and to help improve overall patient care. This is evidenced by the rising numbers of physicians participating in such activities over the last two years, as evidenced by data compiled by the ACCME from its accredited providers. This CME activity will include a CME quiz, which will allow participants to test their skills and their knowledge of the material presented in the educational activity. An evaluation assessment questionnaire will provide participants with a means to assess the activity’s quality, fairness and balance, and value of the educational activity to their clinical practice.

1. American Society of Anesthesiologists. FDA patient safety news: preventing errors with neuromuscular blocking agents. December 13, 2005.
htto://www.asahq.org/news/news121305.htm
2. ISMP Medication Safety Alert – September 22, 2005. Paralyzed by mistakes: Preventing errors with neuromuscular blocking agents. http://www.ismp.org/MSAarticles/20050922.htm
3. Phillips MS, Williams RL. Improving the safety of neuromuscular blocking agents: a statement from the USP Safe Medication Use Expert Committee. Am J Health Syst Pharm. Jan 15 2006;63(2):139-142.

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Faculty Credentials/Disclosure

Editor

Paul G. Barash, MD

Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
Yale University School of Medicine
Attending Anesthesiologist
Yale-New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Dr. Barash has disclosed that he had/has the following financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity: Speakers Bureau: Organon; Editorial Board: AnesthesiaNow web site, funded by an educational grant from Organon

Bruce F. Cullen, MD
Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Attending Anesthesiologist
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
Dr. Cullen has disclosed that he had/has no financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.

Robert K. Stoelting, MD
Emeritus Professor and Chair, Department of
Anesthesiology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Dr. Stoelting has disclosed that he had/has no relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.

Authors

David R. Bevan, MB

Retired
Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
University of Toronto
Anesthesiologist-in-Chief
University Health Network
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dr. Bevan has disclosed that he had/has the following financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity: Consultant: Organon

François Donati, PhD, MD, FRCPC
Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
University of Montreal
Staff Anesthesiologist
Hospital Maisonneuve-Rosemont
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Dr. Donati has disclosed that he had/has the following financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Grant/Research: Organon; Consultant: Organon

COI Peer Reviewers

Manuel Lopes Fontes, MD

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical Care
Co-Director of Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Department of Anesthesiology
New York, New York
Dr. Fontes has disclosed that he had/has no financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.

David M. Rothenberg, MD, FCCM
Associate Dean, Academic Affiliations
Professor of Anesthesiology
Co-Medical Director, SICU
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Rothenberg has disclosed that he had/has no financial relationships/interests with commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.

Medical Writing/Editorial Assistance
Mary C. Love

Medical Writer
Columbia, Maryland
Ms. Love has disclosed that she has no financial relationships with or interests in any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.

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Identification and Resolution of Faculty Conflict of Interests

Lippincott CME Institute, Inc. has identified and resolved any faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity.

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Learning Objectives

After participating in this educational activity, physicians should be able to:

• Briefly summarize the physiology of the neuromuscular junction.
• Provide examples of the different clinical uses of depolarizing and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs.
• Describe the principal side effects associated with neuromuscular blockade.

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Method of Physician Participation

To earn CME credit, you must read the activity and complete the quiz, answering at least 70% of the questions correctly. Mail or fax a photocopy of the completed page to Lippincott CME Institute, 770 Township Line Road, Suite 300, Yardley, PA 19067; fax 267-757-0651. Only the first entry will be considered for credit and must be received by LCMEI by October 31, 2008. Acknowledgment will be sent to you within 6 to 8 weeks of participation.

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Evaluation Method

Six evaluation assessment questions are included as part of the CME Quiz. These questions ensure that LCMEI determines that each activity's learning objectives have been met, that the activity was of educational value to the target audience and was unbiased, assess whether or not the CME activity has resulted in a change in physician practice behavior, and offer participants a method of feedback.

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Participation Expiration Date

October 31, 2008

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