Table of contents
Table of Contents  Contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations  Primary Care And Adolescent Medicine Meredith Eicken, Aura Obando, and Young-Ho Yoon Vital Signs by Age 1-1 Developmental Milestones 1-1 Healthcare Maintenance 1-3 Immunizations 1-5 Overview of Growth 1-6 Failure to Thrive 1-7 Overweight and Obesity 1-8 Breast-Feeding 1-9 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 1-10 Skull Deformities 1-11 Neonatal Jaundice 1-12 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 1-15 Lead Screening and Toxicity 1-17 Contraception 1-19 Gynecologic Exam 1-20 Eating Disorders 1-20  Emergency Department Sylvia Romm, Nina L. Gluchowski, Hasan S. Merali, and Linda T. Wang Rapid Evaluation and Management of Common Pediatric Emergencies 2-1 Stridor 2-4 Anaphylaxis 2-5 Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE) 2-6 Fever Without an Identified Source in Infants and Children 2-8 Appendicitis 2-11 Intussusception 2-12 Burns 2-12 Carbon Monoxide Inhalation 2-14 Trauma Overview 2-14 Head Trauma 2-15 Foreign Bodies Aspiration and Ingestion 2-17 The Crying Infant 2-18 Toxicology 2-19 Facial Trauma 2-22  Allergy and Immunology Dominica P. Donnal and Elizabeth C. TePas Food Allergy 3-1 Atopic Dermatitis (AD) 3-2 Drug Allergy 3-3 Urticaria 3-4 Immune Deficiencies 3-6 B-Cell Deficiency (Humoral Immunity) 3-6 T-Cell Deficiencies (Cellular Immunity) 3-8 Combined Immune Deficiencies 3-8 Complement Deficiencies 3-9 Phagocytic Disorders 3-10  Cardiology Elena K. Grant, Matan Setton, Deepak Palakshappa, and Ana Maria Rosales EKG Interpretation 4-1 Heart Murmurs 4-2 Syncope 4-3 Chest Pain 4-4 Cyanotic Child 4-5 Congenital Heart Disease 4-7 Essential Hypertension 4-9 Pediatric Dysrhythmias 4-11 Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion 4-13 Cardiomyopathies (CM) 4-14 Congestive Heart Failure 4-15  Endocrinology Sarabeth Broder-Fingert, Julia Elisabeth von Oettingen, Manasi Sinha, and Lynne L . Levitsky Diabetes Mellitus 5-1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 5-1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 5-3 Diabetic Ketoacidosis 5-4 Hypoglycemia 5-6 Thyroid Function Testing 5-7 Hyperthyroidism 5-7 Hypothyroidism 5-8 Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) 5-9 Hypopituitarism 5-11 Ambiguous Genitalia 5-12 Precocious Puberty 5-12 Delayed Puberty 5-13 Short Stature 5-13 Amenorrhea 5-14 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 5-15  Fluids and Electrolytes David A. Lyczkowski and Avram Traum Body and Parenteral Fluids 6-1 Dehydration and Rehydration 6-1 Hyponatremia 6-3 Hypernatremia 6-5 Hypokalemia 6-7 Hyperkalemia 6-8 Hypocalcemia 6-11 Hypercalcemia 6-12 Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia 6-14 Hypophosphatemia/Hyperphosphatemia 6-15 Acid–Base Disorders 6-16 Metabolic Acidosis 6-16 Metabolic Alkalosis 6-19 Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis 6-20  Gastroenterology Paritosh Prasad and Jeffrey A. Biller Acute Abdominal Pain 7-1 Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) 7-1 Vomiting 7-2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 7-4 Pyloric Stenosis 7-5 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 7-5 Acute Diarrhea 7-7 Chronic Diarrhea 7-9 Celiac Disease 7-10 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 7-11 Jaundice 7-14 Abnormal Liver Function Tests 7-14 Hepatitis 7-15 Biliary Tract Disease 7-18 Acute Pancreatitis 7-19 Chronic Pancreatitis 7-20  Hematology Fei J. Dy and Eric F. Grabowski Anemia 8-1 Hemoglobinopathies 8-2 Platelet Disorders 8-6 Coagulation 8-7 Bone Marrow Failure 8-12  Oncology Olga Rose and Alison Friedmann Lymphadenopathy in the Pediatric Patient 9-1 Pediatric Oncologic Emergencies 9-1 Neutropenia in the Pediatric Patient 9-4 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 9-5 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 9-5 Hodgkin Lymphoma 9-6 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 9-7 Transfusions 9-8 Pediatric Brain Tumors 9-10 Neuroblastoma 9-11 Osteosarcoma 9-12 Other Childhood Tumors 9-13 Chemo-Associated Nausea/Vomiting 9-14  Infectious Disease Rebecca Cook, Emily B. Rubin, Sophia Delano, and Chadi M. El Saleeby Fever of Unknown Origin 10-1 Infectious Meningitis 10-1 Periorbital (Preseptal) and Orbital Cellulitis 10-3 Acute Otitis Media 10-4 Lymphadenitis 10-5 Lyme Disease 10-6 UTI/Pyelonephritis 10-7 Cellulitis 10-8 Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis 10-9 Sexually Transmitted Infections 10-11 Tuberculosis 10-16 HIV 10-17 Pediatric Pneumonia 10-19  Genetic and Metabolism Paritosh Prasad Inborn Errors of Metabolism 11-1 Emergencies 11-2 Hypoglycemia 11-2 Hyperammonemia 11-3 Abnormal Newborn Screen 11-3 Galactosemia 11-3 Phenylketonuria/Phenylalaninemia 11-4 Management of Known Inborn Errors of Metabolism 11-4 Postmortem Labs 11-6 Trisomy 13 11-6 Trisomy 18 11-6 Trisomy 21 11-6 Turner Syndrome 11-7 Fragile X 11-8 Klinefelter 11-8 Vacterl 11-9 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 11-9 Mitochondrial Defects 11-10 Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome 11-11 Marfan Disease 11-12  Neurology Kristen A. Lindgren, Mary Zelime Ward, Casey Olm-Shipman, and Verne S. Caviness Febrile Seizures 12-1 First Nonfebrile Seizure in Children 12-1 Epilepsy 12-2 Status Epilepticus (SE) 12-4 Dyskinesias/Movement Disorders 12-5 Tics & Tourette Syndrome (TS) 12-5 Abnormal Gait/Ataxia 12-6 Weakness/Peripheral Neuropathies 12-7 Demyelinating Diseases 12-11 Cerebral Palsy 12-13 Headache (HA) 12-14 Neurocutaneous Syndromes 12-15 ADHD 12-17  Pulmonary Harmony Caton, Anna Tien Labowsky, Sze Man Tse, Lael Yonker, and Natan Noviski Quick Reference for Respiratory Signs 13-1 Tachypnea 13-2 Stridor 13-2 Cough 13-3 Wheeze 13-5 Hemoptysis 13-8 Pleuritic Chest Pain 13-9 Pleuritic Chest Pain 13-11 Diagnostic Studies 13-12  Renal Melissa A. Walker and Avram Traum Urinalysis 14-1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 14-1 Chronic Kidney Disease 14-3 Secondary Hypertension 14-4 Hematuria, Nephritic Syndromes 14-4 Urinary Tract Calculi 14-5 Nephrotic Syndrome 14-6 Renal Tubular Acidosis 14-6 Vesicoureteral Reflux 14-7 Congenital Renal Malformations 14-8  Rheumatology Paritosh Prasad and Holly Rothermel Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) 15-1 Reactive (Enthesitis-related) Arthritis 15-2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 15-3 Vasculitides 15-5 Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis 15-9  NICU Ashley A. Ferullo and Joseph H. Chou Delivery Room Management 16-1 Basic NICU Management 16-4 Pulmonary/Respiratory 16-7 Cardiovascular 16-9 Gastroenterology 16-10 Infectious Disease 16-13 Hematology 16-16 Neurology 16-17  PICU Abigail R . Woodhead and Brian M. Cummings Prophylaxis in Critical Illness 17-1 Pain Control and Sedation 17-2 Respiratory Failure 17-2 Mechanical Ventilation 17-3 Pediatric ECMO/ECLS 17-4 Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) 17-5 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 17-6 Septic Shock 17-6 Inotropes, Chronotropes, and Vasopressors 17-8 Increased Intracranial Pressure 17-9 Rapid Sequence Intubation 17-11  Clinical Images in Pediatric Dermatology 18-1