Table of contents
Preface iii Acknowledgments iv Contributors v Figure Credits xi PART I: PRINCIPLES 1 1 Establishment of Infectious Diseases 3 Barry I. Eisenstein and Moselio Schaechter 2 The Normal Microbiota 11 Barry I. Eisenstein, Moselio Schaechter, and Vincent Young 3 Biology of Infectious Agents 18 Moselio Schaechter 4 Genetic Approaches to Studying Bacterial Pathogenesis 38 Peggy A. Cotter 5 Biological Basis for Antibacterial Action 55 Cary Engleberg and Victor DiRita 6 Innate Immunity 66 Roman Dziarski 7 Adaptive Immunity 91 Carl Waltenbaugh and Roger Melvold 8 The Parasite’s Way of Life 117 Victor J. DiRita 9 Damage by Microbial Toxins 127 Joseph T. Barbieri PART II: INFECTIOUS AGENTS 141 SECTION 1 • BACTERIA 10 Introduction to the Pathogenic Bacteria 143 Victor J. DiRita 11 Staphylococci: Abscesses and Toxin- Mediated Diseases 149 Patrick M. Schlievert and Marnie L. Peterson 12 Streptococci and Enterococci: \u201cStrep Throat\u201d and Beyond 160 Kevin S. McIver 13 Pneumococcus and Bacterial Pneumonia 169 Jeffrey N. Weiser 14 Neisseriae: Gonococcus and Meningococcus 178 Ann E. Jerse and Victor DiRita 15 Bacteroides, Intra-Abdominal Infection, and Abscesses 188 Laurie E. Comstock 16 Enteric Bacteria: Secretory Diarrhea 195 Victor J. DiRita 17 Invasive and Tissue-Damaging Enteric Bacterial Pathogens: Bloody Diarrhea and Dysentery 205 Beth A. McCormick and Victor J. DiRita 18 Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Ubiquitous Opportunist 220 Joanna B. Goldberg 19 Bordetella and Whooping Cough 228 Victor J. DiRita and Peggy A. Cotter 20 Clostridia: Diarrheal Disease, Tissue Infection, Botulism, and Tetanus 235 Stephen Melville 21 Legionella: Parasite of Amoebae and Macrophages 242 Michele Swanson and Cary Engleberg 22 Helicobacter pylori: Pathogenesis of a Persistent Bacterial Infection 249 Jennifer M. Noto and Richard M. Peek Jr 23 Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis and Leprosy 257 Christina Fiske and David Haas 24 Syphilis: A Disease with a History 269 John R. Ebright and Jack D. Sobel 25 Borrelia burgdorferi and Lyme Disease 277 Mollie W. Jewett, Jenifer Coburn, and John Leong 26 Cat Scratch Disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and Other Bartonelloses 287 Christoph Dehio 27 Chlamydiae: Genital, Ocular, and Respiratory Pathogens 292 Toni Darville 28 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Rickettsioses 301 David H. Walker 29 Mycoplasma: Curiosity and Pathogen 308 Joel B. Baseman and Ken B. Waites 30 Strategies to Combat Bacterial Infections 314 Cary Engleberg SECTION 2 • VIRUSES 31 Biology of Viruses 321 Terence S. Dermody and Jeffrey M. Bergelson 32 Picornaviruses and Coronaviruses 337 Vincent R. Racaniello and Mark R. Denison 33 Arthropodborne Viruses 348 Diane E. Griffi n 34 Paramyxoviruses: Measles Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus 356 John V. Williams and James E. Crowe Jr 35 Rabies 367 Charles E. Rupprecht and Brett W. Petersen 36 Infl uenza and Its Viruses 374 Peter Palese 37 Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis 382 Robert L. Atmar and Mary K. Estes 38 The Human Retroviruses: AIDS and Other Diseases 388 Robert T. Schooley 39 Adenoviruses 401 Gary Ketner 40 Human Papillomaviruses and Warts 411 Elliot J. Androphy 41 Alphaherpesviruses: Herpes Simplex Viruses and Varicella-Zoster Virus 419 Patricia G. Spear 42 Beta- and Gammaherpesviruses: Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus 428 William J. Britt 43 Viral Hepatitis 438 Donald E. Ganem 44 Antiviral Treatment Strategies 449 Karen C. Bloch and Julie E. Reznicek 45 Vaccines and Antisera for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases 461 Natasha B. Halasa and H. Keipp Talbot SECTION 3 • FUNGI 46 Introduction to the Fungi and Mycoses 468 Carol A. Kauffman 47 Endemic Mycoses 472 Carol A. Kauffman 48 Opportunistic Fungal Infections 479 Carol A. Kauffman 49 Subcutaneous, Cutaneous, and Superficial Mycoses 487 Carol A. Kauffman 50 Antifungal Agents 492 Carol A. Kauffman SECTION 4 • PARASITES 51 Introduction to Parasitology 496 Cary Engleberg 52 Blood and Tissue Protozoa 506 Cary Engleberg 53 Intestinal and Vaginal Protozoa 521 Cary Engleberg 54 Intestinal Helminths 530 Cary Engleberg 55 Tissue and Blood Helminths 540 Cary Engleberg SECTION 5 • MISCELLANEOUS PATHOGENS 56 Prion Diseases 552 C. Alan Anderson and Kenneth L. Tyler 57 Biological Agents of Warfare and Terrorism 560 Sandro K. Cinti and Philip C. Hanna PART III: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 573 58 Diagnostic Principles 575 Cary Engleberg 59 Principles of Epidemiology 586 Christian B. Ramers 60 Digestive System Infections 594 David Acheson and James M. Fleckenstein 61 Infections of the Central Nervous System 612 Roberta L. DeBiasi and Kenneth L. Tyler 62 Respiratory System Infections 628 Melissa A. Miller and Kevin R. Flaherty 63 Urinary Tract Infections 641 Lindsay E. Nicolle 64 Infections of the Skin and Soft Tissue 651 Dennis L. Stevens 65 Infections of the Bones, Joints, and Muscles 662 Joseph J. Nania 66 Sepsis 671 Suzanne F. Bradley 67 Intravascular Infection 679 Rasmus V. Rasmussen, Adolf W. Karchmer, Niels E. Bruun, and Vance G. Fowler 68 Head and Neck Infections 689 Preeti N. Malani and Mark A. Zacharek 69 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 697 Jack Sobel and Jack Ebright 70 Infections of the Immunocompromised Patient 704 Michael A. Lane and Edgar Turner Overton 71 Acquired Immunodefi ciency Syndrome 710 William G. Powderly 72 Congenital and Perinatal Infections 722 Roshni Mathew and Charles G. Prober 73 Zoonoses 729 Daniel S. Shapiro 74 Fever: A Clinical Sign of Infection 740 Suzanne F. Bradley 75 Health Care–Associated Infections 747 David R. Snydman and Shira Doron 76 Foodborne Diseases 753 Christian B. Ramers Appendix A 761 Appendix B 799 Index 811